C403-89: AWWA Standard for the Selection of Asbestos-Cement Transmission and Feeder Main Pipe, Sizes 18 In. Through 42 In. (450 mm Through 1,050 mm) (PDF)

The history of the standard, major revisions, metrication, and information regarding use of this standard are covered in the foreword. Section 1 discusses scope, references, symbols and abbreviations, and permeation. Section 2 discusses general design including strength and design factors, combined loading theory, and three-edge, vee-shaped bearing load. Section 3 discusses external loads including earth loads and superimposed loads. Section 4 discusses hydrostatic pressure including operating pressure and surge pressure. Section 5 discussed design criteria and use of pipe selection charts including combined loading curves, safety factors, use of selection charts for economical design, discussion, and illustrative problem on pipe selection. The appendices cover friction loss of head chart and surge pressure analysis. Major revisions include: a statement concerning potential permeation of pipe materials by low molecular weight petroleum products or organic solvents was added, a footnote concerning derivation of equivalent metric pressures was added, and a surge pressure analysis appendix section was revised to discuss three major causes of water hammer: (1) valve closure or opening, (2) pump start-up or shutdown, and (3) entrapped air.